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Stephen M. Schwebel is an American jurist and expert on international law. He is best known for delivering dissenting opinions in the case of Nicaragua v. United States and in the pair of Libya v. United Kingdom and Libya v. United States Lockerbie (Preliminary Objections) cases, which were discontinued in 2003[1].
Judge Schwebel was born in New York City. He received his B.A. magna cum laude with highest honours in government from Harvard University in 1950. He then studied at Cambridge University (1951) and the Yale Law School, receiving his LL. B. in 1954. He was admitted to the New York bar the next year; to that of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1965; and of the District of Columbia in 1976. In the years 1967–1981 he was Edward B. Burling Professor of International Law and Organization at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), The Johns Hopkins University, Washington D.C.
He served at various positions in the U.S. Department of State, Legal Adviser Office in 1961–1981 and he was a member of the United Nations International Law Commission from 1977 to 1980. Judge Schwebel was first elected to the International Court of Justice in January 1981. He was subsequently re-elected twice, and served as the President of the Court in the triennium 1997–2000, which marked the busiest docket of 22 new cases in the history of the Court.
Judge Schwebel is at present an independent arbitrator and counsel in Washington, DC, and a door tenant of Essex Court Chambers in London. He has been appointed in 50 international commercial arbitrations and in five intergovernmental arbitrations. He served as president of the Southern Bluefin Tuna Arbitration (Australia and NZ v Japan) and the maritime boundary arbitration between Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago. He specialises in disputes between states and foreign investors, and has acted as arbitrator in some of the largest of such disputes. He has been a member of ICSID's panels of arbitrators and of conciliators since 2000. Judge Schwebel since 2007 has been President of the ICSID ad hoc Committee in the case of Malaysian Historical Salvors v. Government of Malaysia and, since 2008, a member of the Abyei Boundary Tribunal between the Government of Sudan and the Sudanese People's Revolutionary Movement, as well as the President of another ICSID ad hoc Committee in the case of Turkish Telecoms v. Government of Kazachstan. He has been chairman or party-appointed arbitrator in ICC, ICSID, AAA, Stockholm Institute, LCIA, PCA, Japan CAA, and UNCITRAL ad hoc proceedings. Judge Schwebel has also acted as counsel and advocate for Colombia in its territorial and maritime dispute with Nicaragua, involving Archipelago of San Andres and Providencia, for Belize in its territorial, insular and maritime dispute with Guatemala, and for a number of other governments, corporations, and law firms in international proceedings. President of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Monetary Fund since 1994, he is a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. He was designated by The American Lawyer in 2005 as one of the 'Top 10 Arbitrators' in the world, ranked number 2.
Judge Schwebel is the author of the pioneering International Arbitration: Three Salient Problems (Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures 1987), celebrated Justice in International Law - Selected Writings of Judge Stephen M. Schwebel (1994), republished by Cambridge University Press in 2008, and 175 articles on international law and arbitration. He was awarded Yale Law School Medal of Merit (1997), Manley O. Hudson Award (2000) and doctor honoris causa of Miami University Law School (2002). He is a member of the Institute of International Law, the Council on Foreign Relations, and a former Honorary President of the American Society of International Law.
The portrait photograph of Judge Schwebel was made by Max Koot Studio, The Hague[2] and the portrait painted of that photograph was unveiled at ceremony held in his alma mater Yale Law School on 27 September 2007.
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